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Meagher, Thomas Francis, Irish nationalist and Brigadier-General in the United States service, was born in Waterford, where his father was a respectable merchant, 3rd August 1823. He was educated by the Jesuit fathers at Clongowes and Stonyhurst, and entered upon the world in 1843 with a reputation for rare talents and great oratorical powers. He early became a zealous Repealer, and with O'Brien, Mitchel, Davis, and others, joined the Young Ireland party. His fiery and impassioned eloquence stimulated the people to hope for a restoration of their national rights by force of arms. In the spring of 1848 O'Brien and Meagher were sent as a deputation to France to congratulate the French people on the establishment of the Republic. On their return they were received by an enthusiastic meeting, and Meagher presented to the citizens of Dublin, with glowing words, an Irish tricolor flag - green, white, and orange. In May he was brought up for trial before the Queen's Bench in Dublin, "for exciting hatred and contempt against the Queen, and inciting the people to rise in rebellion." On the 16th the jury disagreed, as in W. Smith O'Brien's trial on the same occasion on a similar charge. The Habeas Corpus Suspension and Treason-Felony Acts having been passed, in July, Smith O'Brien, Meagher, Dillon, and a few others, unsupplied with arms or ammunition, and almost without plan of operations, took the field in Tipperary. The struggle was short and decisive. Meagher was one of those arrested and, with MacManus and O'Brien, was tried at Clonmel for high treason, found guilty, and on 23rd October sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered. The capital sentence was subsequently commuted to penal servitude for life. On 29th July 1849, he was, with his friends O'Brien and MacManus, sent to Tasmania, where he was allowed considerable liberty, and married the daughter of a squatter. Early in 1852 he made his escape from the colony, and landed in New York in the latter part of May. He was tendered a public reception, which he declined to accept, because of his "country remaining in sorrow and subjection," and so many of his companions being still in confinement. Meagher soon became a distinguished popular lecturer, and in September 1855, after preliminary study, was admitted to practise at the Bar of New York. Shortly afterwards he undertook an exploring expedition to Central America, and gave his experiences in a series of lectures, afterwards published in Harper's Magazine. He had already, in 1852, published a volume of his Speeches on the Legislative Independence of Ireland, On the secession of the Southern States in 1861, he threw himself with ardour into the support of the Union, and in a series of letters to the Dublin Nation endeavoured to impress his view of the case upon his fellow-countrymen, in opposition to Mitchel and other Irishmen who upheld the Confederates. He raised a company of zouaves for the 69th New York Regiment, and after the battle of Bull Run formed an Irish Brigade. He was untiring in the cause of the Union: "Never," he declared, "never, I repeat it, was there a cause more sacred, nor one more great, nor one more urgent; no cause more sacred, for it comprehends all that has been considered most desirable, most valuable, most ennobling to political society and humanity at large; no cause more just, for it involves no scheme of conquest or subjugation, contemplates no disfranchisement of the citizen, excluding the idea of provincialism and inferiority." He delivered addresses in different parts of the Union, urging his countrymen to rally under the Federal flag. On 18th November 1861 he left for Washington, with the first regiment of the Irish Brigade; and in February 1862 he was created Brigadier-General. In the ensuing operations his brigade specially distinguished itself at Fair Oaks(1st June 1862), and in the manoeuvres that followed the Seven Days' battles. At the battle of Antietam (16th September) his command played a prominent part. Greeley writes of "Caldwell's and Meagher's (Irish) brigade vieing with each other in steadiness and gallantry." An eye-witness thus describes its services at the battle of Fredericksburg, 13th December 1862: "To the Irish division, commanded by General Meagher, was principally committed the desperate task of bursting out of the town of Fredericksburg, and forming, under the withering fire of the Confederate batteries, to attack Marye's Heights, towering immediately in their front. Never at Fontenoy, Albuera, nor at Waterloo, was more undoubted courage displayed by the sons of Erin than during those six frantic dashes which they directed against the almost impregnable position of their foe... The bodies which lie in dense masses within forty yards of the muzzles of Colonel Walton's guns are the best evidence what manner of men they were." Meagher was himself distinguished for his cool bravery. Of the 1,200 men he led into action, only 280 appeared on parade next morning. The annihilation of the brigade was completed at Chancellorsville, on the 3rd May 1863. There for two days and nights they held their ground in front of a line of defence, and on one occasion dragged into action a battery of guns, the horses and drivers of which had been killed. Five days afterwards Meagher tendered his resignation, on the ground that it was "perpetrating a public deception " to keep up a brigade so reduced in numbers, and which he had been refused permission to withdraw from service for a time and recruit." He was immediately appointed to the command of the Etowah district (his head-quarters at Chattanooga), with a force of 12,000 infantry, 200 guns on the forts and in the field, and a regiment of cavalry. His district was overrun with guerillas, and he had to furnish supplies to divisions of the army through an unprotected country. On the conclusion of the war in 1865, he was appointed by President Johnson, Secretary (or Acting- Governor) of the territory of Montana, and until his death satisfactorily discharged the duties of the office. He was accidentally drowned off a steamer in the Mississippi, 1st July 1867, aged 43. His body was never recovered.

Meave, Queen of Connaught, an Irish princess, said to have flourished in the 1st century, and to have held her court at Cruachan, now Croghan, near Tulsk, in the County of Roscommon. The great extent of the raths and other remains there attest the ancient importance of the place. Out of a discussion between Meave and her husband, Ailill, respecting the comparative merits of their different possessions, and Meave's desire to possess a bull to equal in beauty her husband's "Finnbennach " (white-horn), arose the incidents related in the story that has been styled the Irish Iliad - the Tain Bo Chuailgne, or "Cattle Spoil of Cooley." The effort to secure a noble bull, Donn Cuailgne, involved the whole island in war, in which Fergus MacRoigh, Cuchulaind, Conall Cearnach, Ferdia, and other heroes of Fenian romance were engaged. For ages the lay was lost, until recovered by the sage Murgen, by the grave of Fergus MacRoigh. The story is graphically told in Mrs. Ferguson's Ireland before the Conquest; while the "Tain-Quest" is among the most beautiful of the Lays of the Western Gael. Ailill was eventually slain by Conall Cearnach; and Meave passed her widowhood on Inis Clothran in Lough Ree. She survived all her contemporaries, and reigned over Connaught about eighty years. She was killed by the cast of a stone from Forbaid, as she was enjoying her favourite recreation of swimming in Lough Ree. It has been suggested that Meave is the prototype of Mab, the fairy queen.

Milesius, or Miledh, a mythical personage, whose widow and descendants are fabled, according to the Four Masters, to have landed in Ireland long before the Christian era. "The fleet of the sons of Miledh [Milesius] came to Ireland to take it from the Tuatha-de-Dananns; and they fought the battle of Sliabh Mis with them on the third day after landing. In this battle fell Scota, wife of Miledh; and the grave of Scota is between Sliabh Mis and the sea [still pointed out in the valley of Gleann-Scoithin, County of Kerry]... After this the sons of Miledh fought a battle at Tailtinn [Teltown, Meath], against the three Kings of the Tuatha-de-Dananns." Eremhon and Eamhear then divided Ireland between them; but a dispute arising, they fought a battle at Geshill, at which Eamhear was killed. Eremhon, after reigning fifteen years, died, and was buried at Argat Ros, a mile below Ballyragget, on the banks of the Nore. The long line of Irish kings, given by Keating and other historians, all trace their descent from Milesius, through his three sons, Eremhon, Eamhear, and Ith (who died before the settlement in Ireland).

Miley, John, D.D., a distinguished Catholic divine, was born in the County of Kildare about the year 1800. He received his education at Maynooth and at Rome. After his ordination he was appointed a curate in the metropolitan parish, Dublin, by Archbishop Murray. He became Rector of the Irish College, Paris, in 1849; and in 1859 was appointed parish priest of Bray. He was the friend of O'Connell, whom he attended in his last moments, and whose funeral panegyric he pronounced in Dublin. Dr. Miley was an accomplished preacher, and was the author of several works, amongst which may be noted Rome under Paganism and the Popes (1848), History of the Papal States (1850), and Temporal Sovereignty of the Popes, He died at Bray, 18th April 1861, aged 61.

Miller, George, D.D., author of the Philosophy of History and numerous theological works, was born in Dublin, 22nd October 1764. He entered Trinity College in 1779, and in May 1789 was elected a Fellow. His memoirs contain many interesting details regarding his school­ fellow, Wolfe Tone, the fortunes of the Historical Society, the opposition to the appointment of Hely-Hutchinson as Provost, and the efforts made by his party to secure the post in future for "distinguished alumni of the University." The particulars of his deputation to London and interview with Edmund Burke regarding the appointment of a provost, are specially worth perusal. In 1793, as Senior Non- Regent of the University, his best efforts were put forth to smooth the way for the admission of Catholics to degrees. In the same year he made an extended tour in England, and became acquainted with Sir Joshua Reynolds and other distinguished personages. Dr. Miller married in 1794, and settled down diligently to college work - in 1795 he delivered a series of lectures on the Philosophy of History, which were first published between 1816 and 1828, in 8 vols., and have since run through several editions. The correction of the last edition, for Mr. Bohn, employed the author to within a week of his death. "Examining the progress of every leading nation in Europe, from its first foundation, through all the vicissitudes of wealth and poverty, of triumph and decay, and developing the causes of their several catastrophes, he views them in combination, and elucidates the general principles of the European commonwealth, by their reciprocal actions and impressions." In 1804 he accepted the living of Derryvullen, in the diocese of Clogher, and in 1817 became head master of the Royal School of Armagh. He strenuously opposed Catholic Emancipation - in the words of his biographer - "that fatal policy of statesmen, by which Roman Catholics were admitted, in the year 1829, to political power." He was the ardent supporter of the Church Education Society, and a formidable opponent of Dr. Pusey and his party. Dr. Miller died 5th October 1848, aged 83.

Millikin, Richard Alfred, a minor poet, was born at Castlemartyr, County of Cork, in 1767. He wrote several fugitive pieces, and was for a time editor of a Cork magazine. During the Insurrection of 1798 he became conspicuous by zeal and activity in the formation of yeomanry corps. About the year 1798 he wrote The Groves of Blarney, a short humorous ballad, in imitation or ridicule of the rambling rhapsodies then so popular amongst the Irish peasantry. He died 16th December 1815, aged 48, and was buried at Douglas, near Cork.

Mitchel, John, a politician and journalist, was born in Newry, 3rd November 1815. His father, who had been a United Irishman, was the Unitarian clergyman of the district. Mitchel was educated at Newry, studied for a time at Trinity College, and in 1835 married Jane Verner, a girl of extraordinary beauty, but sixteen years of age. He practised as a solicitor at Banbridge until 1845, became more and more deeply interested in the progress of the Repeal movement, wrote for the Nation, and contributed a Life of Aodh O'Neill to Duffy's Irish Library. After the death of Thomas Davis, Mitchel removed to Dublin, and became editor of the Nation. His brilliant, trenchant, and picturesque style added greatly to the influence of the paper, and he became a prominent figure in the circle of young men that surrounded O'Connell. In July 1846, Mitchel, Meagher, O'Brien, Duffy, and others, hopeless of effecting anything for Ireland by peaceful means, formally separated from O'Connell's party, and established the Irish Confederation. In the proceedings of this body Mitchel took a prominent part, openly advocating the doctrine of the necessity of complete separation from England, which he clung to during the rest of his life. He gradually became even more extreme than his associates; in December 1847 he withdrew from the Nation, on the 5th February 1848 abandoned the Confederation on the question of the advisability of immediate resistance to the collection of rates, and shortly afterwards issued in Dublin the first number of the United Irishman newspaper. In this publication he advocated a "holy war to sweep this island clear of the English name and nation," and the Lord-Lieutenant was addressed as "Her Majesty's Executioner General and General Butcher of Ireland." On 21st March he was arrested, but let out on heavy bail; and in a few days re-arrested on a charge of "treason-felony." He was indicted under the Act 11 Victoria cap. 12, passed on 22nd April 1848, whereby certain political offences previously classed as high treason or misdemeanour, and subjecting the offender to death or simple imprisonment, were brought under the new designation of treason-felony, the punishment prescribed for which was the same as that of ordinary felons. On 24th May he was brought to trial at the Commission Court in Dublin, and was defended by Robert Holmes, brother-in-law of Robert Emmet. He was found guilty, and on the 27th was sentenced to fourteen years' transportation, and immediately removed in fetters on board H.M.S Shearwater and conveyed to Spike Island, whence, on 1st June, he was taken in the Scourge to Bermuda. In April 1849 he forwarded in a convict vessel to the Cape. The colonists refused to receive convicts, and after a detention of eight or nine months in Table Bay, the vessel went on to Tasmania, where she arrived in April 1850. Here he was allowed at large on parole, and lived with his old friends John Martin, Meagher, MacManus, and Kevin Izod O'Doherty, and was solaced by reunion with his family, who went out to join him. In 1853 his friend Patrick J. Smyth proceeded from New York to Tasmania, with the purpose of achieving his escape. In company with Mr. Smyth, Mitchel presented himself, armed, to a magistrate, and handed in a resignation of parole, thereby technically keeping himself within the bounds of his word of honour. He then fled, and after many wanderings, found means to reach the United States, where he met a hearty welcome from his fellow-countrymen. He who had so strenuously advocated freedom at home now openly joined the pro-slavery party. In 1854, in his paper, the Citizen, he thus answered an appeal James Haughton of Dublin had made to the Irish exiles to side with the abolitionists: " Now let us try to satisfy our pertinacious friend, if possible, by a little plain English. We are not abolitionists: no more abolitionists than Moses, or Socrates, or Jesus Christ. We deny that it is a crime, or a wrong, or even a peccadillo, to hold slaves, to buy slaves, to sell slaves, to keep slaves to their work by flogging or other needful coercion. 'By your silence,' says Mr. Haughton, `you will become a participator in their wrong.' But we will not be silent when occasion calls for speech; and as for being a participator in the wrongs, we, for our part, wish we had a good plantation well stocked with healthy negroes in Alabama. There now, is Mr. Haughton content?" After carrying on the Citizen for some time, he edited the Southern Citizen at Knoxville, Tennessee; and as editor of the Richmond Enquirer, during the American Civil War, consistently supported the side of the slaveholders. Two of his sons were killed fighting in the Confederate army - one at Gettysburg, the other at Fort Sumter. He himself was a prisoner in United States hands for some time. After the war he published the Irish Citizen in New York, which he ultimately gave up on account of ill health. A considerable sum of money was collected and presented to him as a mark of esteem, on occasion of his visit to Ireland in January 1875. He had hardly returned to the United States after this his first visit to Ireland since 1848, when a vacancy occurred in the parliamentary representation of the County of Tipperary. His name was put forward, and he was returned without opposition on 16th February, on the basis, in his own words, of "Home Rule - that is, the sovereign independence of Ireland." He landed next day at Cork, in declining health, and was enthusiastically received. On the 18th an animated debate took place in the House of Commons on the question whether he should be allowed to take his seat, and by 269 to 102 votes a new writ was ordered to be issued, on the ground that Mitchel was a convicted felon whose guilt was not purged by expiration of sentence or by pardon. He was re-elected by the same constituency, 11th March, but died at Newry nine days later (20th March 1875), aged 59. He was buried at Newry. The seat was awarded to a Conservative candidate, who at the election had registered 746 votes to Mitchel's 3,146. John Mitchel's most important works were: Life of Aodh O'Neill, Jail Journal, Last Conquest of Ireland (Perhaps), an edition of Mangan's Poems, History of Ireland from the Treaty of Limerick, and Reply to the Falsification of History by J. A. Froude.

Mochuda, or Carthage, Saint, was first Bishop of Lismore, to which see he was consecrated between 631 and 636. He had previously established the abbey of Rattan, in Offaly, which he governed forty years, and whence he was expelled, probably on account of his views in the Paschal controversy of the day. He died in 637, and the 14th of May is considered his festival.

Molaisse, or Lasrean, Saint, of Devenish, an ecclesiastic of the 6th century, of whom little is known, although we often meet his name in church history. He was a native of Connaught, and is mentioned among the chief disciples of Finnan of Clonard. He ultimately retired to Devenish Island, in Lough Erne, where he erected a monastery, which for centuries continued to be a place of great resort. He died about 563, and his festival is celebrated on 12th September. Another saint of the same name was founder, bishop, and ultimately patron saint of Leighlin.

Molesworth, Robert, Viscount Molesworth, son of an opulent merchant, was born in Dublin, December 1656. He was educated at Trinity College, and married a sister of the Earl of Bellamont. In 1688 he espoused the cause of William of Orange, and was consequently attainted, and his estate sequestrated by James's Irish Parliament. He was, by William III., who had an especial esteem for him, created a Privy-Councillor; and in 1692 was sent envoy to Denmark. After three years' residence, he became obnoxious to the King for "pretending to some privileges which by the custom of the country are denied to everybody but the King; as travelling the King's road, and hunting the King's game." He retired to Flanders, where he wrote an Account of Denmark, in which he represented the government of that country in a very unfavourable light. It created great discussion, and drew forth several answers, the Danish envoy at St. James's presenting a memorial to William III. against it. In this work Molesworth showed himself the strenuous friend of civil and religious liberty, and the bitter opponent of the clergy. It secured him the friendship of Locke and Molyneux. He subsequently became a member both of the Irish and English Commons. In 1713 he was removed from Anne's Council Board, for saying of the clergy, who had come with an address to the Lord-Lieutenant: "These that have turned the world upside down are come hither also." By George I. he was appointed to several offices of trust in Ireland, and in 1716 was advanced to the peerage. He was an active member of the Royal Society, and it was said that "few men of his fortune and quality were more learned, or more highly esteemed by men of learning." Locke styles him an "ingenious and extraordinary man." He died at Brackenstown, County of Dublin, 22nd May 1725, aged 68, and was buried at Swords. [His son John, 2nd Viscount, filled several diplomatic offices on the Continent, and Richard, 3rd Viscount, a captain of horse, saved the life of the Duke of Marlborough at Ramillies. His daughter (see MONCK, MART) was the author of several poetical pieces.]

Moling, or Dairchilla, Saint, one of the first Bishops of Ferns, who succeeded in 632, was born in the County of Wexford. He was Abbot of Techmolin, (now called after him St. Mullin's), a monastery founded by himself on the banks of the Barrow; he also spent many years at Glendalough. In 693 he induced Finachta, Monarch of Ireland, to remit the Borromean tribute. He died about 697, and was buried at Techmolin: the 17th June is considered his festival. A note appended by Harris to the notice of this saint is very widely applicable: "I must again warn the reader, that antient writers have often confounded the names of abbots and bishops, and that they are frequently taken for synonymous terms."

Molloy, Charles, a lawyer of the Inner Temple, born in the King's County about 1640, was the author of a book which at one time bore a high reputation, De Jure Maritimo et Navali, published in London, in 1676. According to Mr. McCulloch, it "continued to be the best English book on maritime law down to the publication of the work of Lord Tenterden." He died in London in 1690.

Molloy, Charles, was born in Dublin early in the 18th century. He was educated at Trinity College, and was elected to a fellowship. Afterwards, proceeding to London, he entered at the Middle Temple, and wrote for such magazines as Fog's Journal and Common Sense, He married a rich heiress, and died 16th July 1767. "His political tracts evince powerful abilities, great depth of understanding, an ample command of language, and clearness of reason." His dramatic writings, some of which are enumerated in Harris's Ware, are now little known.

Molloy, or O'Molloy, Francis, was Professor of Divinity in the College of St. Isidore, at Rome, in the middle of the 17th century, and was author of several works in the Irish language. Lhuyd gives an abstract of Molloy's Grammatica Latino- Hibernica nunc Compendiata, 1677, in his Archaeologia Britannica, and says that it was the most complete Irish grammar then extant, although imperfect as to syntax.

Molua, or Lugidus, Saint, belonging to the second order of Irish saints, nourished in the 6th century. He was of a distinguished Munster family. His father was Carthach, and his mother Sochla. He became a disciple of Comgall of Bangor, about 559. Having entered the monastic state, he founded an establishment at Clonfert (now Kyle,192 in the Queen's County), to which numbers of monks flocked from various parts. Killaloe (Kill-da-lua, church of Lua) was probably so named after this saint. He died early in the 7th century. His festival is the 4th of August.

Molyneux, William, patriot and philosopher, was born 17th April 1656, in New-row, Dublin. [His father, Samuel Molyneux, was a master gunner, and an officer in the Irish Exchequer. He had distinguished himself in the War of 1641- '52, and although offered the recordership of Dublin, clung with fondness to his own profession, making experiments in gunnery and the construction of cannon, at private butts of his own.] William entered Trinity College in April 1671, and having taken out his bachelor's degree, proceeded to London and entered at the Middle Temple in 1675. While diligently studying law, his attention was also turned towards scientific pursuits. He returned to Dublin in 1678, and soon afterwards married Lucy Domville, daughter of the Irish Attorney-General. In 1683 was formed the Dublin Philosophical Association, the forerunner of the Royal Dublin Society and the Royal Irish Academy. Sir William Petty was president, and Molyneux acted as secretary. Its first meetings were held in a house on Cork-hill. He now became acquainted with some of the leading personages of the time, and through the Duke of Ormond's influence, was in 1684 appointed Engineer and Surveyor of the King's Buildings and Works. Next year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. Sent by the Government to survey fortresses on the coast of Flanders, he passed on to Holland and France, and in Paris became acquainted with Borelli, the famous mathematician. In 1686, soon after his return, he published an account of the telescope dial invented by himself. The following year he had the pleasure of reading advanced sheets of Newton's Principia, sent him by Halley. During the War of 1689-91 he resided at Chester, where he lost his wife. He there occupied himself in the composition of a work on dioptrics. On his return he was appointed one of the Commissioners of Forfeited Estates, with a salary of £500. But the task was suited neither to his tastes nor his feelings; he was indifferent about money, and soon resigned a laborious and highly invidiou3 and unpopular office. About this time he speaks of his well-selected library of 1,000 volumes, and of being visited by the Duke of Wurtemberg, General De Ginkell, and Scravamoer. Both in 1692 and 1695 he was elected member for the University of Dublin, which had conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. The laws passed for the destruction of Irish trade and commerce induced Molyneux to write the work that has since rendered his name conspicuous in Irish history: The Case of Ireland, being bound by Acts of Parliament made in England, Stated, published, with a dedication to the King, early in 1698. It maintained that Ireland and England were separate and independent kingdoms under the same sovereign - that Ireland was annexed, not conquered - "If the religion, lives, liberties, fortunes, and estates of the clergy, nobility, and gentry of Ireland may be disposed of without their privity or consent, what benefit have they of any laws, liberties, or privileges granted unto them by the crown of England? I am loth to give their condition an hard name; but I have no other notion of slavery but being bound by a law to which I do not consent... We have heard great outcries, and deservedly, on breaking the Edict of Nantes, and other stipulations; how far the breaking our constitution, which has been of five hundred years' standing, exceeds that, I leave the world to judge." The work created a great sensation, was stigmatized as seditious and libellous by the English Parliament, and ordered to be burned by the common hangman. Shortly after its publication, he went to England to visit his friend and correspondent, John Locke. The fatigues of the journey brought on a severe attack of illness, and he died on the 11th October 1698, soon after reaching home, aged 42. He was buried in St. Audoen's Church, Dublin. Some interesting notes regarding his monument will be found in Notes and Queries, 3rd and 4th Series. Locke, writing to his brother, said: "I have lost in your brother not only an ingenious and learned acquaintance, that all the world esteemed, but an intimate and sincere friend, whom I truly loved, and by whom I was truly loved." The highest tribute ever paid to his patriotism and genius was by Grattan, in his great speech in the Irish Parliament, on 16th April 1782. Harris's Ware enumerates fifteen works, 4 chiefly philosophical, from his pen. The most important, besides his Case of Ireland, were Six Metaphysical Meditations (Lond. and Dub. 1680), Sciothericum Telescopicum (Dub. 1686), and Dioptrica Nova (Lond. 1692). [His son Samuel, born in 1689, was secretary to George II. when Prince of Wales, and was afterwards Lord of the Admiralty and a member of the Privy-Council. He died childless in 1727.

Molyneux, Sir Thomas, Bart., State Physician, younger brother of preceding, was born in Cook-street, Dublin, 14th April 1661. He was educated in Trinity College, and took out his degree of Bachelor of Medicine, and afterwards visited London, Oxford, Cambridge, and the Continental schools, to extend his knowledge. An interesting correspondence between him and his brother William, containing an account of his travels, is to be found in the University Magazine, vol. xviii. At Leyden he became acquainted with Locke and many persons of note. During the War of 1689-'91 he resided in Chester with his brother. They returned immediately after the battle of the Boyne. Thenceforward for some time Dr. Molyneux resided in the house with his father, and engaged in practice. His progress must have been rapid, for in 1693 he was enabled to purchase an estate worth £100 per annum, and in 1711 he founded the Molyneux Blind Asylum in Peter-street, Dublin, at a cost of £2,310 for the house and £2,341 for furniture. In 1715 he was appointed State Physician, afterwards Surgeon-General to the army; and in 1730 a baronetcy was conferred upon him by Lord Carteret. He died in 1733, aged 72. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society in London, and a constant contributor to the proceedings of the Dublin Philosophical Society, being especially interested in antiquarian and zoological enquiries relating to Ireland. "He was allowed by all the learned world who knew him, to be a man of uncommon skill and ability in his profession.... It was not without good cause that John Locke chose him as his friend and adviser." The present Baronet is the 7th. An interesting reference to his fine statue by Roubilliac, standing in Armagh Cathedral, will be found in Notes and Queries, 3rd Series.

Monck, Mary, a woman of great beauty and considerable poetical abilities, daughter of Lord Molesworth, was born in the latter half of the 17th century. She acquired an intimate knowledge of Latin, Italian, and Spanish literature. Chiefly residing in the country, one of a numerous family, she cultivated poetry more as an amusement than with a view to publication. She married George Monck of Dublin. After her early death from consumption, at Bath, in 1715, a volume of her poems and translations was published. Several of her pieces are given in Cibber's Lives of the Poets.

Monro, Robert, Major-General, a Scotch soldier who took a prominent part in the War of 1641-'52. He distinguished himself in Flanders, and afterwards in the Thirty Years' War. Of his services under the Swedish King he published an account, now very scarce - Monro's Expedition... under the Invincible King of Sweden, 1637. On his return to Scotland he zealously espoused the cause of the Covenant, and "appears to have had much real enjoyment in ruthlessly carrying out its behests." In 1642 he passed over to Ireland to reinforce the Scotch Presbyterians there. The position of the Scotch force in Ireland - opposed alike to the Irish Catholics and the royalists - is as difficult to follow as that of the other parties among whom Ireland was desolated for eleven years. On 15th of April he landed with 2,500 Scotch at Carrickfergus, and being joined on the 28th and 29th by Lord Conway and Colonel Chichester with 1,800 foot, five troops of light horse, and two of dragoons, advanced on 1st May to Newry. The Irish Confederates almost immediately quitted the town, and the Castle surrendered on 3rd May. Monro put sixty men, eighteen women, and two priests to death, and leaving a garrison of 300 men, set out on the 7th for Carrickfergus, wasting the country and driving off a prey of 4,000 cattle. After a short delay he again marched out into the County of Antrim, burnt Glenarm, and carried off great cattle preys. He was hospitably received at Dunluce by the Earl of Antrim, who proffered his service and assistance in the pacification of the country, and provided for him a great entertainment; but it was no sooner over than Monro made him a prisoner and occupied the castle. Confining his operations to Ulster, he spoiled the counties of Down and Antrim, and shipped off such numbers of cattle to Scotland that the Lords- Justices felt obliged to interfere, and complained to the English Parliament, in whose interest Monro was acting. In May next year he unsucessfully endeavoured to surprise Owen Roe O'Neill at Charlemont, and was obliged to retreat with the loss of 100 men and a large cattle prey he had taken. On 14th May 1644 he seized Belfast, previously in occupation of an English force. In July of the same year he advanced into the County of Cavan with an army of 10,000 foot and 1,000 horse, and sent parties into Westmeath and Longford, which burnt the houses and crops, and put to the sword all the country people they met. Besides this expedition, he conducted several similar movements during his command in Ulster. He was defeated by Owen Roe O'Neill at the battle of Benburb, in June 1646. Monro commanded 6,000 foot and 800 horse, whilst O'Neill's army consisted of but 5,000 foot and 500 horse. O'Neill occupied a strong position between two hills, with a wood behind him, and the Blackwater on his right. He was there attacked by Monro, who was routed, it is said with loss of half his army, his artillery, baggage, the greater part of his arms, and thirty-two colours. On 13th September 1647, when in command of Carrickfergus, the town was, through the treachery of his own officers, delivered up to General Monck, and he was sent prisoner to the Tower of London, where he lay for five years. Although a captive he is believed to have had considerable influence with Cromwell. Excepted from pardon for life and estate in 1649, he was ultimately permitted to return to Ireland and compound for his estates. He married the second Viscountess Montgomery, and resided at Mount Alexander in the County of Down, until her decease in 1670, and afterwards probably at Cherryvalley, near Comber, in the same county. He was alive in 1680. [His brother, Sir George Monro, served with him both under Gustavus Adolphus and in Ireland, and was Commander-in-chief of the King's army in Scotland after the Restoration. He died about 1686. The present Sir Charles Monro, Bart., is his lineal descendant.] The surname is indifferently written "Monro," "Monroe," and "Munro."

Montgomery, Richard, a distinguished general in the American War of Independence, was born near Raphoe, County of Donegal, 2nd December 1736. His father was member of Parliament for Lifford. Entering the army at eighteen years of age, his courage and capacity at the siege of Louisburg won the approval of Wolfe, under whom he served at the taking of Quebec from the French in 1759, and his regiment formed part of the force sent with Amherst to reduce the French forts on Lake Champlain. Montgomery became adjutant of his regiment, 15th May 1760; and was in the army that marched upon Montreal under Colonel Haviland. Two years afterwards he was appointed captain, and served in the expedition against the Spanish West Indies. Having returned home, he, in 1772, sold his commission, went back to America, purchased a small estate at Rhinebeck, on the Hudson, married, and settled down to cultivate those arts of peace which he was naturally best qualified to enjoy. In April 1775 he was selected as a delegate to the first Provincial Convention in New York, where he distinguished himself by promptness of decision and soundness of judgment. In the autumn of the same year he reluctantly accepted from Congress the appointment of Brigadier-General, reconciling himself to the abandonment of his scheme of a quiet life by the consideration that "the will of an oppressed people, compelled to choose between liberty and slavery, must be obeyed." Ordered by Washington to take part in an expedition against Canada, he was attended as far as Saratoga by his beloved wife, whose fears he soothed by his cheerfulness and good humour. Owing to the illness and incompetency of General Schuyler, Mongomery was obliged to take supreme command of the expedition. He had great difficulties to contend with, from the insubordination and want of patriotism of his troops; yet, on 3rd November 1775 he took Fort St. John, after a siege of fifty days, on the 12th entered Montreal, and on the 5th December effected a junction with Arnold under the walls of Quebec. The town, defended by a garrison of 2,500 men, with batteries of 200 cannon, was immediately besieged by Montgomery's small force of 1,200 men. Many of his troops, disheartened by severe cold and protracted marches, were on the point of mutiny, and their guns were few in number and insufficient in size. At a council of officers it was determined to attempt to capture Quebec by a coup-de- main. The assault took place early on the morning of 31st December, in the midst of a snow storm, and would probably have been successful, but for the fall of the gallant leader, who, with two of his aides, was killed by the first discharge of a battery against which they advanced up a steep ascent. His troops, disheartened by his death, retreated, and a desultory blockade of the town (extending over some months) was eventually raised. Montgomery was aged 39 when he fell. His funeral was attended, with every mark of respect, by the Governor and officers of the garrison. The small wooden house in Quebeo where his remains were laid out is still shown, and an inscription on the cliff marks where he fell. His loss was deeply mourned all over the States, and his memory was eulogized in the British Parliament by Lord Chatham, Burke, and Barre. Lord North having spoken of him as "only a brave, able, humane, and generous rebel," Fox retorted: "The name of rebel is no certain mark of disgrace; all the great assertors of liberty, the saviours of their country, the benefactors of mankind in all ages, have been called rebels." Bancroft, the American historian, says of Montgomery: "He was tall and slender, well-limbed, of graceful address, and a strong and active frame. He could endure fatigue and all changes and severities of climate. His judgment was cool, though he kindled in action, imparting confidence and sympathetic courage. Never himself negligent of duty, never avoiding danger, discriminating and energetic, he had the power of conducting freemen by their voluntary love and esteem. An experienced soldier, he was also well versed in letters, particularly in natural science. In private life he was a good husband, brother, and son, an amiable and faithful friend." His body was ultimately exhumed and buried in Washington, and Congress voted money to erect the monument to him which stands in front of St. Paul's Church, New York. Montgomery's widow survived him for more than half a century. His brother, Alexander, commonly called "Black Montgomery," sat in the Irish Parliament for many years as member for the County of Donegal.

Moody, John, a well-known actor, born, probably in Cork, in 1727. The poet Churchill wrote of him: "Long from a nation ever hardly used, At random censured, wantonly abused, Have Britons drawn their sport with partial view, Form'd general notions from the rascal few; Condemn'd a people, as for vices known, Which, from their country banished, seek our own. Taught by thee, Moody, we now learn to raise Mirth from their foibles-from their virtues praise." Few particulars are given of his life. He showed both spirit and tact in managing the unruly theatrical mobs of the time. In 1796 he retired from the stage, after fifty years' service, and died in London, 26th December 1812, aged 84. The Gentleman's Magazine, in a notice that throws some doubt on his Irish birth, calls him the "father of the English stage... His character was uniformly unblemished, and for kindness as well as probity he had long been a sort of pater patrice behind the scenes."

Moor, Michael, D.D., Provost of Trinity College, was born in Bridge-street, Dublin, in 1640. He was educated in France; for some years taught philosophy and rhetoric in the college at Grassin, and upon his return home was ordained a priest by Luke Wadding (not the Franciscan), who was Catholic Bishop of Ferns in 1684. For some time Moor had, as Vicar-General, charge of the whole diocese of Dublin. During James II.'s personal government of Ireland he was, in op­ position to the Jesuits, and although a Catholic, made Provost of Trinity College. He did much to mitigate the sufferings of the Protestant prisoners; and it was largely owing to his exertions that the valuable collections in the Library were preserved from injury during the military occupation of the College. In preaching before the King he upon one occasion took the text: "If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch." This so incensed his Majesty (who having a Jesuit confessor with weak eyes, considered the discourse levelled against himself) that he deprived Moor of his preferments, and obliged him to retire to France, whence, on James's return, he removed to Rome, where he enjoyed the favour of Innocent XII. and Clement XI. After James II.'s death he returned to France, and, according to Harris's Ware, was made Rector of the University of Paris, in which he established an Irish College. To it he bequeathed his choice library, which, however, was found sadly thinned at his death, owing to the depredations of an amanuensis he had employed when afflicted in his latter days with blindness. He died in Paris, 22nd August 1726, aged 85, and was buried in the chapel of the Irish College. Harris's Ware gives a list of his theological works, which are all in Latin. No mention is made of him in the history of "The Irish College, Paris," which appeared in the Irish Ecclesiastical Record in 1866.

Moore, Charles, Viscount Drogheda (descended from Sir Edward Moore, a soldier of fortune, who came over in Elizabeth's reign), was born in 1603, and succeeded his father, the 1st Viscount, in 1627. He was in 1641 residing at his castle of Mellifont, near Drogheda, which, with the surrounding abbey lands, had been granted to his ancestors by Queen Elizabeth. On the news reaching him of the rising of the Catholic Irish, he hastened to Drogheda and put the town in a proper state of defence. The particulars of the ensuing hostilities, in which he took a prominent part, and the raising of the siege at the end of five months, belong more properly to the notice of Sir Roger Tichborne. Viscount Drogheda had been obliged at an early period to abandon his own castle of Mellifont to the enemy. He assisted at the subsequent operations at Ardee and Navan; in August 1643 he hastened to defend Athboy against Owen Roe O'Neill; and on the 15th of the same month fell in an engagement with the Irish at Portlester ford, on the Blackwater, five miles from Trim. The present Marquis of Drogheda is his descendant.

Moore, Thomas, poet and prose writer, was born at 12 Aungier-street, Dublin, 28th May 1779. His father, John Moore, kept a grocer's shop, which he had probably established with the small fortune he received with his wife, Anastasia Codd, a Wexford girl. Both parents were Catholics. Young Moore's cheerful and sprightly disposition made him a favourite with many besides his own family. One of his earliest recollections was of being taken to a public dinner in honour of Napper Tandy, and sitting on that gentleman's knee. At an early age he was sent to a school kept by a Mr. Malone, and a little later to the academy of the well-known teacher Samuel Whyte, where Sheridan and many distinguished men received their education. Whyte was passionately fond of the stage, and encouraged young Moore's declamatory and histrionic powers; and before he was twelve years of age his name appeared in the handbills of his master's private theatricals. He soon began to scribble verses, and when fourteen was referred to in the Anthologia Hibernica as "our esteemed correspondent, T. M." His family were anxious he should go to the Bar, and such were then the disqualifications to which Catholics were subjected, that it was seriously debated whether he should not be entered on the books of Trinity College as a Protestant. His mother strongly opposed such a step, which was, however, rendered unnecessary by the legislation of 1793, which opened the University to Catholics, and he entered in 1794 with much credit, under his true designation. At college he showed more disposition to cultivate the modern than the ancient languages. He joined the College Historical Society, of which Robert Emmet and Arthur O'Connor were then the most prominent members. Edward Hudson, one of those afterwards arrested at Bond's, and Robert Emmet, were among his most intimate friends; and nothing but his mother's influence prevented Moore himself becoming perhaps fatally involved in the revolutionary movement of 1798. In his diary he gives a graphic account of the difficulty with which he pulled through without implicating any of his friends, at the visitation of the Chancellor (Lord Clare) for the purpose of clearing the College of students infected with revolutionary principles. Thanks to a friendship with the librarian of Marsh's Library, Moore had free access to it even during the summer months, when it was closed to the public, and in exploring its shelves he laid up much of that out-of-the-way information which afterwards appeared in his works. He acquired a tolerable knowledge of Italian from a Catholic clergyman, and of French from a refugee. In 1799 he took the degree of B.A., and next year entered at the Middle Temple, London. An introduction to Lord Moira soon made him at home at his seat near London, and the best literary society of the metropolis was opened to him. He delighted all by his pleasant manners, literary tastes, and effective, although not brilliant, musical abilities. He brought with him to London his Odes of Anacreon in manuscript, which, published by subscription in 1800, were much admired, and established his reputation as a poet. In 1801, under the pseudonym of "Thomas Little," he published a volume of light poetical pieces, which brought him £60, but did not add much to his reputation. In 1803, through Lord Moira's influence and the friendship of Lady Donegal, Moore received the appointment of Admiralty Registrar at Bermuda, and proceeded thither in the Phaeton frigate. The seclusion of the Bermuda islands was, however, little to his taste, and after a residence extending only from January to April 1804, he confided his duties to a deputy, and made an extended tour through the United States and Canada, during which he wrote his poems relating to America, and had the good fortune to be presented by the British minister to President Jefferson. The institutions of the country were little to his taste; but we can scarcely excuse the coarse terms in which he afterwards wrote of it and its inhabitants. His conception of the enormity of slavery was clear and decided. In October 1804 Moore returned to England in the Boston frigate, with his friend Captain Douglas, to the great joy of his numerous friends. Lord Moira now procured a situation for his father in the Customs; but Moore for himself preferred trusting to his talents for a livelihood. In 1806 he published a volume of Odes, Epistles, and other Poems, for which he was criticised in the Edinburgh Review as "the most licentious of modern versifiers, and the most poetical of the propagators of immorality." His Odes of Anacreon had perhaps given some ground for these charges, but it is possible that Jeffrey was prejudiced against him on account of his aristocratic tendencies. A duel between them, at Chalk Farm, in the month of August 1806, was interrupted by the police. Both gentlemen were subjected to much ridicule, when it was stated that the bullet had fallen out of Jeffrey's pistol, and it was suggested that, by consent, both pistols were leadless. Jeffrey and Moore after this became fast friends. The latter says: "He had taken a fancy to me from the first moment of our meeting together in the field, and I can truly say that the liking for him is of the same early date." Lord Byron mentioned the duel with ridicule in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, and in his turn was challenged by Moore. The letter was delayed some months in reaching its destination, and the affair terminated in a good-humoured explanation from Byron, and a life-long friendship between them. In 1807 Moore entered into an arrangement with Mr. Power, the musical publisher, to write suitable words to a collection of old Irish tunes, which were to be arranged by Sir John Stevenson. The Irish Melodies were completed in ten numbers, issued between 1807 and 1834. Supposing him to have received the full remuneration agreed upon (£500 per annum), he was paid for them £5 a line. They are the most lasting monuments of his genius, and have been translated into both Latin and Irish. Byron declared some of them were "worth all the epics that ever were composed;" while the Biographic Generale says: "Thomas Moore has vividly reproduced in his Melodies the characteristic traits of Irish music. Originality is the special claim of these short pieces. They have neither the vigour, nor the nature, nor the profound and passionate sensibility of the works of another national poet, Robert Burns; but, at the same time, they have not the same air of rudeness. A sustained elegance, a lightness, a tenderness, an esprit, a rich and brilliant imagery, give them a durable, though perhaps a somewhat artificial charm." Of the same character as the Irish Melodies are the National Melodies, published 1815, and the Sacred Songs, in 1816. Three satirical pieces, Corruption, Intolerance, and the Sceptic, appeared in 1808 or 1809. In 1811 one of the happiest events of his life occurred - his marriage to a Protestant lady, Miss Bessy Dyke. Lord John Russell says: "From 1811, the year of the marriage, to 1852, that of his death, this excellent and beautiful person received from him the homage of a lover, enhanced by all the gratitude, all the confidence, which the daily and hourly happiness he enjoyed was sure to inspire. Thus, whatever amusement he might find in society, whatever sights he might behold, whatever literary resources he might seek elsewhere, he always returned to his home with a fresh feeling of delight. The time he had been absent had always been a time of exertion and of exile; his return restored him to tranquillity and peace." "I'd Mourn the Hopes that Leave me," "'Tis all for Thee," and others of his poems were addressed to her. In public life he lost none of his home affections. With a never-dying love, he wrote regularly twice a week to his parents, and settled £100 a year on them as soon as he could afford it. At first he and his wife lived at Lord Moira's; in the spring of 1812 he took a house at Keyworth; whence they removed next summer to Mayfield Cottage, near Ashbourne. His independence was strikingly shown in 1814 by the publication of the Twopenny Postbag, by Thomas Brown the Younger, a bitter satire directed against the Prince of Wales and his ministers. It immediately became popular, and ran through fourteen editions in one year. In 1812 Messrs. Longman offered him £3,000 for an oriental romance he had in contemplation. The work, Lalla Rookh, was not written until after the most careful and extensive reading on eastern subjects - until he had thoroughly imbued his mind with oriental tradition and romance. It was published in 1817, and was received most favourably; but the estimate of his contemporaries, and even of Lord John Russell writing in 1853, has not been endorsed by more recent critics - Lalla Rookh now holding a far inferior place to the Irish Melodies, and many of his lighter pieces. In the autumn of 1817 Moore occupied Sloperton Cottage, near Devizes, at the moderate rent of £40 a year. It continued, with intervals, to be his residence during the rest of his life. Next year he visited Ireland, where he was received with the most flattering attentions, and hailed as the national bard of the country. In the same year he went to Paris with his friend Rogers, and laid up materials for his humorous piece, The Fudge Family in Paris. In 1818 it was found that his deputy at Bermuda had absconded, leaving him responsible for some £6,000, and next year, pending a settlement, he was obliged to retire to the Continent. With Lord John Russell he travelled through France and Switzerland to Milan, and spent some time at Venice with Lord Byron. Moore returned by the south of France to Paris, where his wife and family joined him in January 1820. During the three years he resided abroad he wrote The Epicurean and The Loves of the Angels, At length a settlement was made with his creditors (chiefly by means of a loan from Lord Lansdowne, which he was soon enabled to repay), and in November 1822 he returned to his home at Sloperton Cottage. During Moore's visit to Italy, Byron made him a present of his manuscript autobiography, upon condition that it should not be published until after his death. Pressed for money in April 1824, he sold it to Murray, the publisher, for £2,100. Byron died the same month. Lady Byron and her family desired its destruction, and offered to reimburse the publisher what he had paid upon it. Moore resisted the proposition for some time, and at last, nobly resolving to meet the loss himself, paid Murray the £2,100, with interest, and burned the manuscript. Scarcely any action of his life has been more canvassed: there can, however, be little doubt of his disinterestedness and conscientious desire to do what was right. A delightful episode was his visit to Abbotsford in October 1825, where he was received with all the warmth of Sir Walter Scott's nature. His Life of Richard B. Sheridan was published in the same year, and in 1827 The Epicurean, which, "though perhaps the least popularly known of Moore's works, is by some considered among the most chaste and exquisite." Macaulay says that, "considered merely as a composition, his Life of Lord Byron, published in 1830, deserves to be classed among the best specimens of English prose our age has produced." In 1831 was published his Life of Lord Edward FitzGerald, a feeling tribute to the memory of that nobleman. Moore had visited Ireland with his wife in the previous year, principally to collect materials for this work. His plodding literary labours were often lightened by visits to London, where his wit and musical talents made him ever welcome at the gayest and most brilliant assemblages. In 1832 an ineffectual effort was made to induce him to stand as candidate for Limerick, under O'Connell's banner. In 1835, under the ministry of Lord Melbourne, a Civil List pension of £300 was settled on him. In the same year he again paid a flying visit to Ireland - and was lionized in Dublin, enjoyed the beauties of the County of Wicklow from the top of a four-in-hand drag, and was feted at Wexford, and at Bannow, where his friends, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall then resided. This was one of several visits necessitated by his preparation of the History of Ireland. In his Captain Bock, already published, he showed that a protracted residence in England had not extinguished his love of country, or lessened his indignation at the disabilities under which his co-religionists suffered. His History of Ireland (which appeared between 1839 and 1846), forming four volumes of Lardner's Cyclopcedia brings the history of the country down to the death of Owen Roe O'Neill in 1646. Although written in an easy and attractive style, it does not possess much merit. The Athenaeum remarked at the time of its publication: “Mr. Moore fortunately brings to his labours not only extensive learning in the rarely trodden paths of Irish history, but strict impartiality, rendered still more clear and uncompromising by an ennobling love of liberty. Every page of his work contains evidence of research; and innumerable passages might be cited in proof of the independent and truth-seeking spirit of the author." This History was Moore's last important work. In 1841 he collected and published his Poetical Works in 10 vols. crown 8vo., with illustrations. The prefaces contain many interesting particulars regarding his life. His latter days were embittered by the death of the last of his children. Anne, aged 5, died in 1817; Anastasia Mary, aged 17, in 1829; Olivia Byron lived but a few months; John Russell, died in India, aged 19, in 1842, a cadet in the East India Company's service; and Thomas Lansdowne, his eldest son, a wild youth, died in Algiers, in the French service, in 1849, aged 27. Like Swift, Scott, and Southey, the end of Moore's life was passed in an increasingly depressed condition, owing to softening of the brain. Sustained to the last by the tender solicitude of his wife, he died at Sloperton- " That dear home, that saving ark, Where love's true light at last I've found, Cheering within when all grows dark, And comfortless, and stormy around"- 26th February 1852, aged 72. He was buried in Bromham churchyard, within view of his cottage-home, and beside his beloved daughter Anastasia. Mrs. Moore was laid beside him, 4th September 1865, aged 68. She made an appropriate gift to the Royal Irish Academy of his library, portrait, and view of Sloperton Cottage. The Encyclopaedia Britannica concludes an appreciative notice of Moore, with the words: "Her [Ireland] he served with all his soul and strength, uplifting her banner in the hour of darkest danger; and with the names of Grattan and Curran, as Irish patriots, that of Thomas Moore will be for ever associated." He was small in stature and slight, his eyes were bright and sparkling, his mouth delicately cut and expressive, his " slightly- tossed" nose confirming the fun that lurked on his countenance. Concerning his religious opinions and character, Lord John Russell writes: "He was bred a Roman Catholic, and in his mature years he published a work [Captain Rock] of some learning in defence of the chief articles of the Roman Catholic faith, yet he occasionally attended the Protestant Church; he had his children baptized into that Church... Of two things all who knew him must have been persuaded: the one, his strong feelings of devotion, his aspirations, his longing for life and immortality, and his submission to the will of God; the other, his love of his neighbour, his charity, his Samaritan kindness for the distressed, his goodwill to all men. In the last days of his life he frequently repeated to his wife: `Lean upon God, Bessy; lean upon God.' That God is love was the summary of his belief; that a man should love his neighbour as himself, seems to have been the rule of his life... Never did he make his wife and family a pretext for political shabbiness; never did he imagine that to leave a disgraced name as an inheritance to his children was his duty as a father... Mingling careful economy with an intense love of all the enjoyments of society, he managed, with the assistance of his excellent wife, who carried on for him the detail of his household, to struggle through all the petty annoyances attendant upon narrow means - to support his father, mother, and sister, beside his own family, and at his death he left no debt behind him." The very high estimate of his literary abilities entertained by Byron, Scott, Russell, and his contemporaries generally, has scarcely stood the test of time; but there is little doubt that his Melodies, wedded as they are to such appropriate music, will continue to delight generations - melodies whose grace and tenderness were never more effectively rendered than when sung by himself. Lord John Russell, his literary executor, edited his Memoirs, in 8 vols. in 1853-'6. The first volume and half the second are occupied with an unfinished autobiography and a selection from his letters, the rest of the work chiefly with a slightly abridged diary, extending from August 1818 to October 1847. Allibone devotes five pages to an exhaustive critical enumeration of Moore's writings. His father died in 1825, and his mother in 1832: they lie buried with his sister in St. Kevin's churchyard, Dublin. A beautiful stained-glass window has been inserted in Bromham church, to the memory of his wife. An interesting commnnication on the present condition of Sloperton Cottage will be found in the Athenaeum for 7th July 1877. A statue of Thomas Moore was erected in Dublin shortly after his decease.

More, Roger, a prominent leader in the early part of the War of 1641-'52, was descended from the O'Mores of Leix, and was born about the end of the 16th century. He passed some years of his youth in Spain, where doubtless much of his time was spent in the company of the numerous Irish refugees. He married a sister of Nicholas Barnewall, Viscount Kingsland, and resided at Ballynagh, in the King's County. In 1641 he joined Lord Maguire, Sir Felim O'Neill, and other representatives of the ancient families of Ireland, in organizing a general rising against English power, and against the oppression to which, as Catholics, they were subjected. The co-operation of the Irish soldiers in the Low Countries was counted upon; Cardinal Richelieu promised aid in arms, ammunition, and money; and Owen Roe O'Neill agreed to join from Spain at fourteen days' notice. Carte says that More was tempted to take up arms "by a desire of recovering his ancestral estates, which were in the hands of the English, and with the glory of asserting the freedom and liberty of his country. He was admirably qualified for this purpose, being endowed with all the talents and qualifications proper for persuasion; he was one of the most handsome, comely, and proper persons of his time; of excellent parts, good judgment, and great cunning; affable and courteous in his behaviour, insinuating in his address, and agreeable in his conversation. He understood human nature, and knew men perfectly well... He was a man of fair character, highly esteemed by all who knew him, and had so great a reputation for his abilities among the Irish in general, that he was celebrated in their songs; and it was a phrase among them: 'God and our Lady be our assistance, and Roger More.'" The 23rd October 1641 was agreed upon for a general rising. Though the attempt on Dublin Castle failed, in many parts of Ireland the movement was for a time completely successful. The English settlers were subjected to great cruelties and driven out, and many fortified towns were seized by the Confederates. Roger More's post was in Ulster: there he issued a proclamation setting forth the grievances of the Irish, and their reasons for taking arms, and by his address at a meeting of landed proprietors at Crofty, in Meath, he attracted to the Irish side a large number of waverers. As the war proceeded, however, More's influence declined, and he was superseded by perhaps less scrupulous men. His health became impaired, and after the siege of Drogheda in 1642 he retired to Flanders. Upon his return to Ireland he took part in the deliberations at Kilkenny, where he fell ill and died in 1643. Even his enemies' pay the highest tribute to his noble qualities, and to the efforts he made to lighten the horrors of war.

Morgan, Sydney, Lady, authoress, was born in Dublin between 1780 and 1786. Her father, MacOwen or Owenson, an actor and manager of the Theatre Royal, was a man of considerable versatility of talent, but without any ability for getting on in the world. His only children, two little girls, were early deprived of their mother, and were brought up in a rambling way by a devoted old servant, Molly. At so early an age as fourteen, Sydney gave to the world a small volume of poems; and in 1800 she began life as governess. In 1804 her novel St. Clair, or the Heiress of Desmond, appeared, and was much admired; and in 1806 The Wild Irish Girl, which established her reputation as a novelist. The publication of these and the other works, which followed in quick succession from her pen, opened up to her the best circles, where her talents were fully appreciated. A visit to the Marquis of Abercorn in 1812 resulted in her marriage to his physician. Sir Thomas Charles Morgan, M.D., an intimate friend of Jenner. The union proved happy: his death in 1843 was the darkest shadow cast upon her life. At the time of her marriage she had already saved £5,000 from her literary labours; and altogether her works are said to have brought her in some £25,000. Sir Charles and Lady Morgan settled in Kildare-street, Dublin, where they drew around them a brilliant circle. Lengthened visits to France and Italy between 1816 and 1819 resulted in several volumes of sketches concerning those countries then comparatively little visited. The liberal opinions expressed in these works brought upon her much obloquy, and caused the loss of many friends. Though anything but an admirer of O'Connell, she warmly advocated Catholic Emancipation. Her novels upon Irish manners and history, and Irish subjects generally, attracted considerable attention to the country, then in the most depressed condition. In 1837 the Morgans removed to London, where they enjoyed the advantages of a wide circle of the best literary society of the day. During the ministry of Lord Grey a Civil List pension of £300 was conferred upon her, as an acknowledgment of her services to literature and to the Whig party. Lady Morgan's character, as shown by her works, widened and deepened with years. She died at 11 William-street, London, 13th April 1859, aged between 73 and 79, and was interred in Brompton Cemetery. Allibone enumerates twenty- two of her works, in the authorship of many of which her husband assisted. Her novel, Ida of Athens, published in 1809, was thus savagely attacked by Gifford in the Quarterly Review: "If we were happy enough to be in her confidence, we should advise the immediate purchase of a spelling- book, of which she stands in great need; to this, in due process of time, might be added a pocket dictionary; she might then take a few lessons in joined-hand, in order to become legible." Eight years afterwards her France was thus reviewed by the same hand: "Bad taste, bombast, and nonsense, blunders, ignorance of the French language and manners, general ignorance, Jacobinism, falsehood, licentiousness, and impiety. These, we admit, are no light accusations of the work; but we undertake, as we have said, to prove them from Lady Morgan's own mouth." On the other hand, the Athenaeum thus speaks of her collected works: "In the fulness of years and literary honour - ere the brightness of the fancy dims, or the strength of her execution fails - it is well that Lady Morgan should collect her works... So long as wit fascinates, so long as beauty of style lias power over the soul, and so long as goodness, gaiety, and dashing spirits are in the ascendant, so long may we expect a public for the works of the writer."

Morrison, Sir Richard, an architect of some local celebrity, one of Gandon's pupils, and President of the Institute of Architects, was born in Cork in 1767. He was at first employed in the Government service in the Ordnance department; but afterwards devoted himself to private engagements, and erected many important public buildings in Ireland - as Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, Dublin, and the County Court-houses at Carlow, Clonmel, Dundalk, Galway, Maryborough, Naas, Roscommon and Wexford. He was knighted in 1841, and died 31st October 1849, aged about 82.

Moryson, Fynes, traveller and author of an Itinerary, was born in Lincolnshire in the year 1566, and was educated at the University of Cambridge where he became a Fellow of Peter-House. Obtaining from the Master and Fellows of his house a licence to travel, he spent nearly ten years abroad. In 1598, soon after his return, he came to Ireland (where his brother, Sir Richard, was Vice-President of Munster), and was appointed secretary to the Lord-Deputy, Sir Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy. He died about 1614. Three years afterwards was published a folio volume of 900 pages: An Itinerary, written by Fynes Moryson, gent., first in the Latine Tongue, and then translated by him into English: containing his Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. To Ireland are devoted 302 pages, principally an account of the wars of Tyrone. His works are full of interest, and contain invaluable notes on the condition of the countries he visited, and the manners and customs of the inhabitants. The Irish portion of his Itinerary was published separately in 2 vols. at Dublin, in 1735. The Retrospective Review says of his works: "We speak advisedly and within bounds when we assert that Fynes Moryson's work need not dread a comparison with any other book of travels, so far as amusing and instructive details regarding manners and the state of society are concerned." Dibdin says: "His delicacy and purity are equal to his love of truth."

Mosse, Bartholomew, M.D., the founder of the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, was born at Maryborough in 1712. He studied medicine, travelled on the Continent, and devoted himself to obstetrics. In 1745 he opened a lying-in hospital on a small scale in George's-lane, Dublin, said to have been the first of its kind in the British Isles. Encouraged by its usefulness, he, on his own responsibility, took a large plot of ground on the north side of the city, and with but £500 in hands, set about the erection of the present Rotunda Hospital, on the plans of Mr. Cassels. The foundation-stone was laid by the Lord Mayor on 24th May 1751. By subscriptions, parliamentary grants, and the proceeds of concerts and lotteries, the work was pushed on, and the present noble institution was opened for the reception of patients in 1757. Dr. Mosse died at Cullenswood, 16th February 1759, aged 47, and was interred at Donnybrook. An admirable memoir, with interesting particulars concerning the history of the institution founded by him, will be found in the Dublin Journal of Medical Science, vol. ii. "For this one great object of providing an asylum and a refuge for woman in her greatest hour of trial, he lived - for this he may be said to have died - died poor as to wealth, but rich in the blessings of the needy, and of those who were ready to perish."

Mossop, Henry, a distinguished actor, was born in Ireland, in 1729. His father was rector of Tuam. While studying at Trinity College, he was attracted to the stage by Garrick's acting, went himself upon the boards, and showed extraordinary promise. After acting for a time in Dublin, he quarrelled with the manager and went to London, where he appeared as "Richard III." "His style of acting seems strongly to have resembled that of Kean of the present day - singularly vivid, subtle, and forcible; but with defects of abruptness of delivery, and irregularity of performance. He had another grand imperfection - that of believing that his talents were as unlimited as his ambition. He grasped at all the leading characters without discrimination, and of course played many of them without effect." Quitting Drury-lane in disgust, he returned to Ireland, declaring that "there should be but one theatre in Ireland, and that he would be at the head of it." Refusing a salary of £ 1,000 at Crow- street Theatre, in November 1760 he took a lease of Smock-alley, and entered upon a career of theatrical management, for which he was ill-qualified. The Countess of Bandon and others of his friends spared no efforts to make his entertainments fashionable; but after twelve years' struggle (having in that period leased both the Dublin theatres) he became bankrupt, and returned to London in 1772, broken down in health and spirits. He died, penniless, in a poor lodging at Chelsea, in November 1773, aged 43. While admitting many faults in his acting, a dramatic critic has remarked: "Garrick and Barry only were his superiors; in parts of vehemence and rage he was almost unequalled, and in sentimental gravity, from the power of his voice and the justness of his conceptions, he was a very commanding speaker."

Mossop, William, a medallist, was born in Dublin in 1751, and died of paralysis in 1804. He was the engraver of many of the finest medals and coins of pre-Union times in Ireland. Mr. Gilbert writes: "Although the medallic works of Mossop are not numerous, they are interesting as the first works of the kind produced in Ireland, and a lasting evidence of his natural ability in this department of art." His son William (born in 1788; died in 1827), first Secretary of the Royal Hibernian Academy, was also a medallist of some note.

Moylan, Stephen, Brigadier-General in the United States revolutionary army, was born in Ireland in 1734. He was one of the first to answer the call to arms against the British at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and distinguished himself in many of the operations of the war. A man of education and gentlemanly address, he for a short time acted as aide-de-camp to Washington. He was made Brigadier- General by brevet, in November 1783, and after the peace occupied some civil posts in Pennsylvania. He died 11th April 1811, aged about 77. His brother was Catholic Bishop of Cork.

Mullen, or Moline, Allan, M.D., said to have been one of the most eminent anatomists of his time, was born in the north of Ireland in the middle of the 17th century. He took his medical degree in the University of Dublin in 1684, removed to London in 1686, and was elected a member of the Royal Society. The particulars of his last days are thus given in Harris's Ware: "In 1690 the Earl of Inchiquin took him with him to his government of Jamaica, he being desirous of that voyage; having a mind to enquire after some mines he heard were in those parts; but putting in at Barbadoes he met with some friends who made him drink hard, which threw him into a calenture, of which he died." The same work gives a list of six surgical treatises from his pen, published between 1682 and 1689.

Mulready, William, R.A., was born at Ennis, it is said in 1785 (probably much earlier). While a mere lad he went to England and was introduced to Banks, the sculptor, who took him into his studio, and set him to work drawing from his casts. When fourteen he was admitted a student at the Royal Academy, and before long gained the silver palette in the Society of Arts' competition. For some years he earned a living by teaching drawing, and designing illustrations for works published by William Godwin. He gradually won his way as a painter till he took a foremost place, and became a Royal Academician. The follow­ ing is taken from the Art Journal: "William Mulready began life as an art-student; all through his career-that is, for a period extending over sixty years-he confessed himself still a learner; and when death called him somewhat suddenly from his easel.. he felt that he had not even yet done all which art was capable of achieving, though everyone else was convinced that he had long since accomplished the end. This was the great secret of his unvarying success - his motto was `progression'; and year after year, even to the closing act of his professional life, one could always detect in his works some evidence of more matured powers of thought or of execution. And no wonder, since he caused his pictures to grow slowly under his hand, allowing sometimes years to elapse from the time when he sketched his first ideas on the canvas till they appeared in a complete form on the wall of the exhibition room. He could much more easily please the public, and even the critics, than he could satisfy himself... There is nothing in the whole range of Dutch or Flemish art that can be brought into comparison with most of them for truth of drawing, elaborate finish, and splendour of colouring; it has been well said that, as a painter, Mulready's art is perfection.' By intense study, and by the display of consummate technical powers, he triumphed over all the greatest difficulties of his art. And if we look beyond the mere externals, so to speak, of his paintings, into the materials of which the several subjects are composed, what evidence we find of his intimate acquaintance with the heart and mind-how much of humour, and not unfrequently of pathos too!.. Note, too, the refined character of his faces... He was a lover of his species, and would not hold even the youngsters up to ridicule, though he set forth their humours, both good and evil." He was of a commanding figure, and handsome in old age as in youth. His features were finely cut, his eyes bright, the mouth severe. But few particulars are given of his life. His early marriage at seventeen proved unhappy; and he and his wife lived separately the latter part of their lives. He died, 7th July 1863, aged, presumably, 78, and was buried at Kensal Green, London.

Munro, Henry, a distinguished United Irishman, was born in Lisburn, about 1768. At the termination of his apprenticeship he entered into the linen business, and shortly afterwards married. He is described as of fair complexion, with intelligent features and large blue eyes; of middle size, and remarkable for strength and agility. He was, says Mr. Madden, scrupulously honourable in his dealings, truthful and faithful. A Presbyterian, he was the ardent advocate of Catholic Emancipation, and to forward this object he joined the United Irishmen in 1795. He had been a Volunteer, and always had a taste for military studies; yet we are told that leadership in the ensuing insurrection was rather pressed upon him. At the breaking out of the insurrection in 1798, Munro occupied Ballynahinch, in Down. The disposition of his forces was made with great care. There on the 13th June he was attacked by General Nugent with about 1,600 men and eight pieces of artillery, and what has been since known as the battle of Ballynahinch, was fought. The insurgents defended themselves for a time with stubborn pertinacity. "Exposed to the cross-fire of musketry in the market square, raked by artillery, their ammunition exhausted, they still pressed boldly on the royalists with pike and bayonet." But as in every other important engagement in the Insurrection they were in the end overpowered. Munro fled alone and unattended to the mountains; but was eventually captured, tried by court-martial, and executed at Lisburn, opposite his own door. He displayed wonderful fortitude at the foot of the gallows; gave directions concerning an unsettled account with a neighbour, and after uttering the words, "Tell my country I deserved better of it," gave the signal for his own execution. His widow survived until February 1840.

Murphy, Arthur, actor and dramatic author, was born near Elphin, County of Roscommon, 27th December 1730. Early in 1736 he was sent to an aunt residing at Boulogne, by whom he was placed at St. Omer's. He was there known as "Arthur French," it being necessary for Irish boys to assume false names to avoid the penalties incurred by being educated abroad, while at the same time education at home was forbidden unless at Protestant schools. He passed with credit through the full course of study, and in 1744 returned to his relatives, then settled in London. He applied himself to law for a time; served in a merchant's office in Cork for two years, and then in the banking house of Alderman Ironside, London. After this he turned his attention to literature, and for two years edited the Gray's Inn Journal. He then attempted the stage, but was not successful. At last he hit upon his vein in dramatic authorship. The Apprentice, a farce, brought him in nearly £800, and enabled him to pay his debts and complete his legal studies, but in consequence of his connexion with the stage, the Benchers refused to admit him to the Bar, until Lord Mansfield used his good offices. Murphy's mature life was passed as a barrister, a dramatic author, and a classical translator, and in all walks alike he may be said to have distinguished himself. He was never married. Towards the close of his life he fell into poor circumstances, from which he was rescued by receiving the appointment of Commissioner of Bankrupts, and a Civil List pension of £200 per annum. He was also bequeathed some property in the West Indies. Arthur Murphy died at his lodgings, Knights­ bridge, London, 18th June 1805, aged 74, attended to the last by his landlady and her Irish servant girl, who were both devoted to him. He is described as having been " Tall and graceful:.. his face oval, and marked a little with small-pox, his nose aquiline; his eyes light and full; his complexion fair; and his voice deep and sonorous; he rarely laughed loud, but his smile was uncommonly gracious." Of his plays, one tragedy, three comedies, and three farces have retained their hold of the stage to the present day. "Murphy," says Macaulay, "was supposed to understand the temper of the wit of his time as well as any man." Hazlitt writes of him: "Murphy's plays of All in the Wrong, and Know your own Mind, are admirably written - with sense, spirit, and conception of character, but without any great effect of the humorous, or that truth of feeling which distinguishes the boundary between the absurdities of natural character and the gratuitous fictions of the poet's pen." Yet Moore said "he was a dull man in spite of his comedies, which act well, but read most ponderously." Chancellor Kent remarks: "His translation [of Tacitus] wants the compression of the original, and is too periphrastic... [It is] distinguished for elegance, and strength, and dignity, and gives the sense of the original with fidelity."

Murphy, James Cavanah, a native of Ireland, who gained some reputation as a traveller and an author, and more by his skill as an architectural artist, but of whose life no particulars are attainable, died in 1816. Dibdin speaks of his name as "united with all tender and honourable reminiscences," and says he "fell a victim to his labours." His principal works were: Plans of the Church of Batalha, in Portugal (1792-96); Travels in Portugal during I789-'90 (1795); Arabian Antiquities of Spain (1813-'16), in numbers, atlas folio, 100 engravings; a work of which Allibone says "it would be difficult to say too much in commendation." His Travels in Portugal were translated into French and German.

Murphy, John, a Gaelic poet, born in the County of Cork, in March 1700, is stated by O'Daly to have been distinguished for the beauty and pathos of his elegiac compositions. He was the preserver and transcriber of many Irish historical tracts, and the patron of a bardic session held annually for some years at Charleville. 289 Murphy, John, D.D., a Catholic clergyman, acted as one of the leaders of the Wexford insurgents in 1798. He was born at Tincurry, in the County of Wexford, studied at Seville, took orders, and returned to Ireland in 1785, and became parish priest of Boulavogue. In November 1797 he joined eighteen Catholic clergymen in endeavouring to avert the proclamation of their parishes by swearing allegiance to the Government. He is said to have been driven into insurrection by the oppressive conduct of the soldiers and yeomanry, and by the wreck of his chapel; or as Mr. Froude says: "After forty-five years of hitherto inoffensive life, he had become possessed with the 'Irish idea.' "On the 25th May he took the field at the head of a large body of pike-men, defeated a party of troops at Oulart, next day took Camolin and Enniscorthy, and encamped on Vinegar Hill. According to Froude and Musgrave, he and his men now embarked upon a course of unprovoked plunder and murder; while Dr. Madden says their operations were in retaliation for immediate injuries, or were such as were necessary in the prosecution of the insurrection. After the defeats at Arklow and Vinegar Hill, he joined the column that passed through Scollagh Gap, crossed the Barrow, and was defeated at Kilcomney. Dr. Murphy found his way to Taghmon, where he was recognized and arrested. He was executed on 26th June 1798. Several documents relating to his career will be found in the appendix to Musgrave's Irish Rebellions.

Murphy, Michael, Rev., a Catholic clergyman, who took an active part in the Insurrection of 1798 in the County of of Wexford, was born at Kilnew, in that county, and was educated at a hedge- school at Oulart. Having been ordained at Ferns in 1785, he proceeded to Bordeaux, and pursued his studies at the Irish College. After his return he became parish priest of Ballycanew, and according to Musgrave, "behaved himself there with very great propriety till the rebellion broke out." Dr. Madden says he was driven into joining the insurgents by his chapel being wrecked by the yeomen. He shared the fortunes of the Rev. John Murphy's brigade until the battle of Arklow, 9th June. His heroic death at that battle is thus related by Mr. Froude: "The battery behind the barricade completely swept the road. Twice the priests led on their followers, over the bodies of their falling comrades, through musket- shot and round shot and grape, to the very mouths of the guns, the priests coming so close that they shot the gunners at their posts with their pistols. Twice they failed; the second time with such desperate loss that they wavered and sought shelter among the walls... A third time they charged till they again touched the barricade. With a contempt of death which was really admirable they seemed determined to take the guns, though every man might fall in doing it, when a round shot, ... caught him and his horse, and hurled them into ruin."

Murphy, Robert, Rev., a mathematician, the son of a shoemaker, was born at Mallow in 1806. When he was eleven years of age he accidentally fractured his thigh, and during his confinement to bed his attention was attracted to the study of mathematics; rudimentary books were with difficulty procured, and before his recovery he acquired considerable acquaintance with the science. Through the solution of some problems in a newspaper, he became known to a Mr. Mulcahy, who put him to school, where his progress was rapid. In 1824 he published remarks upon a pamphlet by Rev. John Mackey, of Maynooth, on the Duplication of the Cube. In October 1825 he was by his friends entered in Caius College, Cambridge. In May 1829 he was elected a Fellow; he took deacon's orders, and in 1831 was appointed Dean of his college. He eventually fell into dissipated habits, was obliged to leave Cambridge, and spent the latter part of his short life as a teacher and writer in London. He contributed a number of papers to the Penny Cyclopaedia and the Cambridge Philosophical Transactions, besides publishing separate works on Electricity (1833) and Algebraical Equations (1839). He died of consumption, 12th March 1843, aged about 37. Some time before his death, he was appointed Examiner in Mathematics at University College, London. "He had a true genius for the mathematical invention;" his habits, however, "made it impossible for him to give his undivided attention to researches which, above all others, demand both peace of mind and undisturbed leisure.”

Murray, Daniel, Archbishop of Dublin, was born at Sheepwalk, near Arklow, 18th April 1768. He received his elementary education in Dublin, under Dr. Betagh, and completed his studies at the University of Salamanca. He was ordained priest in 1790, and appointed curate of Arklow, but was obliged to fly to Dublin in 1798, in consequence of the threats of the soldiery. He became coadjutor to Dr. Troy in 1809, and succeeded that prelate as Archbishop of Dublin in 1823. Dr. Murray has been designated the "De Sales of Ireland, and the Borromeo of Dublin, combining, as he did, the meekness of St. Francis with the episcopal vigilance of St. Charles." He died in Dublin, 26th February 1852, aged 83. Archbishop Murray was a staunch supporter of the system of National Education, and he and Archbishop Whately were intimate friends. He was held in high esteem by Popes Gregory XVI. and Pius IX., and. it is said to have been out of respect for him that the Papal condemnation of the Queen's Colleges was withheld during his lifetime.

Murray, John, a Presbyterian minister, was born at Antrim, 22nd May 1742. He was educated at Edinburgh, and emigrated to America when twenty-one. He entered with enthusiasm into support of the Revolution; such was his eloquence that after one of his addresses a company was raised for Washington's army in two hours. He acquired great ascendancy over the people of his district by his powers as a preacher and his patriotic activity. In 1780 he published a volume of Sermons on Justification, and in 1791, one on Original Sin. The latter part of his life was passed at Newburyport, Massachusetts, where he died, 13th March 1793, aged 50.

Murray, Nicholas, D.D., a distinguished divine and author, was born at Ballinasloe, 25th December 1802. He went to the United States in 1818, and was apprenticed to the printing house of Harper Brothers. Subsequently he studied theology and became pastor of a Presbyterian church in Pennsylvania. In 1849 he was Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly. He was the author of numerous works on archaeology and social statistics, travels, and sermons. Perhaps his correspondence with Archbishop Hughes on the doctrines and practices of Catholicism brought him most prominently before the public. He died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 4th February 1861, aged 58.

Musgrave, Sir Richard, Bart., was born in Ireland about 1757. He sat for Lisinore from 1778 until the Union, and was a strenuous supporter of Government. In 1782 he was created a baronet. In the Cornwallis Correspondence will be found a letter from him to Secretary Cooke, under date 1st November 1799, hinting at the desirability of some place being secured to him before he gave his vote for the Union. He was appointed Receiver of Customs in Dublin, with a salary of £1,200 a year. In 1801 appeared his Memoirs of the Different Rebellions in Ireland, with maps and plans, chiefly dealing with the Insurrection of 1798. Three large editions were exhausted in a few months. The book contains many valuable particulars not to be found elsewhere; but is, according to Lowndes, "a party work, abounding in misrepresentations" - not, however, more prejudiced than many written from an opposite standpoint. He displayed such animosity against the Catholics, and outraged public decency so much by his defence of flogging and free-quarters, that, according to a long notice of the work in the Annual Biography, "the Irish government at length deemed it necessary to disown all connexion with the author; and publicly disclaimed the idea of affording him either patronage or protection in future." In private life Sir Richard was greatly beloved. He died in Holles-street, Dublin, 7th April 1818, aged 61.

Muspratt, James Sheridan, an eminent chemist, was born in Dublin, 8th March 1821,. and educated in Liverpool, where his father established large chemical works. After travelling on the Continent, and managing print-works in Manchester for some years, he went to America. In 1843 he removed to Germany, and studied under Liebeg. In association with Hofmann, he discovered some of the organic bases of the coal-tar dyes. In 1848 he married Susan Cushman, the American actress, and about 1850 he established a College of Chemistry in Liverpool, which was eminently successful in training practical chemists. Besides numerous contributions to scientific papers, he translated Plattner's Treatise on the Blowpipe, and wrote Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical. One of the springs at Harrogate has been called after him. He died at West Derby, near Liverpool, 3rd February 1871, aged 49. Liebig speaks of his translation of Plattner as "executed with fidelity and ability.. further enhanced by Dr. Muspratt's annotations." Professor Penny speaks of his Chemistry as "the most valuable and elaborate work of the kind in our language;" while Professor Morfit characterizes it as "the very best and most elaborate guide-book on technical chemistry."

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